This I believe is a GRIDdos .hlp file I changed the file type so it could be read on my MS$ box. Lawrence GRiD55AA 001 1APPEND 2500 848 1ASSIGN 3348 844 1ATTRIB 4192 892 1BACKUP 5084 1407 1BATCHFILES 6491 1220 1BREAK 7711 716 1CHCP 8427 429 1CHDIR 8856 736 1CHKDSK 9592 707 1CLS 10299 55 1COMMAND 10354 667 1COMP 11021 426 1CONFIG 11447 688 2AUTOSTANDBY 12135 854 2BACKLITE 12989 954 2BOLDFONT 13943 553 2BOOT 14496 540 2COLORMAP 15036 538 2CURSOR 15574 550 2DISK 16124 420 2DISPLAY 16544 643 2EMSBASE 17187 673 2EMSIO 17860 452 2EXPAND 18312 938 2FONT 19250 558 2FRAMECOLOR 19808 556 2HARDDISK 20364 1322 2HELP 21686 209 2HZ 21895 646 2KEYCLICK 22541 364 2LOWBEEP 22905 453 2LOWSTANDBY 23358 569 2MAXCONTRAST 23927 759 2MEM 24686 2129 2MGACOMP 26815 584 2MODEM 27399 727 2MODEMSPEAKER 28126 543 2MODEMSWITCHES 28669 1433 2NUMPAD 30102 735 2POSITION 30837 559 2RESETVGA 31396 512 2ROM 31908 648 2SCREENSIZE 32556 1589 2SERIAL 34145 619 2SERIALA 34764 422 2SERIALB 35186 568 2SHADOWRAM 35754 977 2SPEAKER 36731 298 2SPEED 37029 617 2STANDBY 37646 893 2VGA 38539 682 2VIDEO 39221 1325 2WAKEUP 40546 1625 2? 42171 298 1CONFIG.SYS 42469 470 1COPY 42939 1189 1CTTY 44128 441 1DATE 44569 388 1DEL 44957 524 1DEVICES 45481 320 1DIR 45801 605 1DISKCOMP 46406 947 1DISKCOPY 47353 989 1DISPLAY 48342 1526 1DISPLAY.SYS 49868 1149 1EDLIN 51017 865 1EMM 51882 500 1EXE2BIN 52382 273 1EXIT 52655 233 1FASTOPEN 52888 808 1FC 53696 1524 1FDISK 55220 420 1FIND 55640 660 1FORMAT 56300 1328 1FORMATLD 57628 493 1GRAFTABL 58121 463 1GRAPHICS 58584 1096 1GRIDCACHE 59680 632 1GRiDSCAN 60312 654 1HELP 60966 461 1JOIN 61427 430 1KEYBOARD 61857 479 1LABEL 62336 359 1LINK 62695 618 1LOGICALDRIVE 63313 1753 1LOWPOWER 65066 688 1MKDIR 65754 419 1MODE 66173 209 2OPTION1 66382 548 2OPTION2 66930 1820 2OPTION3 68750 794 2OPTION4 69544 376 2OPTION5 69920 681 2OPTION6 70601 402 2OPTION7 71003 217 2OPTION8 71220 283 1MODEM 71503 78 1MORE 71581 344 1NLSFUNC 71925 623 1PATH 72548 700 1POWER 73248 1418 1PRINT 74666 1634 1PRINTER.SYS 76300 858 1PROMPT 77158 1285 1RAMDRIVE 78443 1089 1RECOVER 79532 793 1REN 80325 514 1REPLACE 80839 675 1RESTORE 81514 1407 1RMDIR 82921 258 1SET 83179 280 1SETPASS 83459 867 1SHARE 84326 604 1SHOWMEM 84930 261 1SORT 85191 523 1SUBST 85714 816 1SYS 86530 569 1SYSTEMSPEED 87099 566 1TIME 87665 630 1TREE 88295 253 1TYPE 88548 274 1VER 88822 281 1VERIFY 89103 556 1VOL 89659 248 1XCOPY 89907 2129 1TopicMenu 92036 1775 1HelpDisplay 93811 1634 1Subtopics 95445 658 0The APPEND command sets a search path for data files. APPEND has the following format. First use only: APPEND [/X] [/E] To specify directories to be searched: APPEND [d:][path][;[d:][path]...] The /X and /E switches can be specified only the first time the APPEND command is issued. The /X switch extends the functionality of APPEND so that more programs can take advantage of its search path. The /E switch causes appended paths to be stored in the MS-DOS environment where they can be accessed by other programs. If you are using the ASSIGN command, you must use the APPEND command before ASSIGN. EXAMPLE: You may want to access data files in a directory called Sales on drive C, and in a directory called Leads on drive A. To do this use the following commands: APPEND /X APPEND C:\Sales;A:\Leads The ASSIGN command changes the device letter MS-DOS automatically assigns to a particular device. The command is useful if your application program requires that you put data files on diskettes, and you prefer to use some other storage medium--for example, a hard disk. ASSIGN has the following format: ASSIGN [d1 = d2] ... where d1 is the letter of the device to be reassigned and d2 is the letter of the device to be used in place of d1. If you omit both d1 and d2, MS-DOS cancels any previously made assignments. You can make multiple assignments in the same command, separating each with a comma or blank as shown below: ASSIGN A=C B=D EXAMPLE: The command ASSIGN A=C tells MS-DOS to assign to drive C all requests for drive A. Subsequently, all commands using the device letter A refer to drive C. The ATTRIB command sets or resets the read-only and archive attributes of a file; displays the attributes of a file. For example if an application opens a file that is set to read and write, ATTRIB can force read-only mode to allow file sharing over a network. ATTRIB has the following format: ATTRIB [+x -x] [d:] filespec [/S] Where +x and -x represent the following switches: +R Sets the file to read-only -R Sets the file to read-write +A Sets the archive attribute of a file -A Deletes the archive attribute of a file The /S switch causes ATTRIB to process all subdirectories as well as the path specified. EXAMPLES: The command /ATTRIB +r b:\mydir\myfile.txt sets the file b:\mydir\myfile.txt to read-only. The command ATTRIB *.* /S displays the attributes for all files in the current directory and in its subdirectories. The BACKUP command backs up files from one disk to another. When used to backup a hard disk, the BACKUP command lets you sequentially store files on one or more diskettes. Files backed up with BACKUP are not immediately accessible; you must use the RESTORE command to return the files to their original locations to make them usable. BACKUP has the following format: BACKUP d1:[pathname] d2: [/S][/M][/A][/D:mm-dd-yy][/T:hh:mm] [/L:filename][/F] where d1 Specifies the disk drive to back up. If you don't specify pathname, files in the current directory are backed up; otherwise, the specified directory is backed up. d2 Specifies the backup disk drive. /S Backs up files in subdirectories, as well as the specified directory. /M Backs up only files modified since the last backup. /A Adds backup files to the backup diskette. If you omit this switch, BACKUP erases the backup diskette before backing up files. /D Backs up only files modified on or after the specified date. /T Backs up only files modified at or after the specified time. /L Creates a backup log file in which filenames are logged as they are backed up. /F Formats the backup disk if it is not already formatted. EXAMPLE: The command BACKUP C: A: /S backs up all files on disk drive C to disk drive A. A batch file contains DOS commands and has the extension .BAT. You can create a batch file with any text editor. When you type in the name of the file and press ENTER, MS-DOS executes the commands in the batch file. When the computer is first started, MS-DOS searches for a batch file named AUTOEXEC.BAT. If AUTOEXEC.BAT is found, MS-DOS automatically executes the commands in it and suppresses the date and time prompts that normally appear. Special batch file commands include: CALL, ECHO, FOR, GOTO, IF, PAUSE, REM, and SHIFT. You can create a batch file with replaceable parameters which you specify when you execute the command. See the chapter on Batch Files in the MS-DOS Reference manual for details. EXAMPLE: The following is an example of a batch file which does a directory of drive A, types out the contents of a file on the screen, and renames a file. DIR A: TYPE YOURFILE.TXT REN YOURFILE.TXT MYFILE.TXT SYNTAX: The following lists the syntax for each batch command: CALL filespec ECHO [ON | OFF | message] FOR %%c IN set DO command or FOR %c IN set DO command GOTO label IF condition command PAUSE [comment] REM [comment] SHIFT The BREAK command enables you to extend when MS-DOS checks for a CTRL-C keystroke. BREAK has the following format: BREAK [ON | OFF] Depending on the program you are running, CTRL-C may be used to interrupt processing. The break command lets you extend when MS-DOS checks for a CTRL-C keystroke. BREAK provides the following functions: BREAK OFF MS-DOS checks to see if CTRL-C has been typed only while it is reading from the keyboard, writing to the screen, or a printer. BREAK ON MS-DOS additionally checks to see if CTRL-C has been typed during disk reads and writes and other functions. BREAK Displays the current setting (on or off) of BREAK. The CHCP command displays or changes the current code page for the command processing COMMAND.COM. The command syntax is CHCP [nnn] where nnn is the code page. Valid code pages are: 437 (United States), 850 (Multilingual), 860 (Portuguese), 863 (Canadian-French), 865 (Nordic). To see what the current code page setting is, type CHCP. The NLSFUNC command must be loaded prior to issuing the CHCP command. The CHDIR (or CD for change directory) command either changes your current directory or displays the name of your current directory. CHDIR has either of the following formats: CHDIR [pathname] CD [pathname] where pathname consists of one or more subdirectory names specifying the new current directory. EXAMPLES: The command CD \SALES\EAST\EXPENSES changes the current directory to EXPENSES. The short-hand notation .. used with the command changes the current directory to the parent directory. For example, CD .. changes the current directory in the above example to EAST. To find out what directory you are currently using, enter CD To return directly to the root directory, enter: CD \ The CHKDSK (check disk) command looks for errors in the indicated directory and, if you so specify, attempts to repair the errors it finds. CHKDSK also displays a report showing current usage of main memory and the storage media specified in the command. CHKDSK has the following format: CHKDSK [d:][filespec] [/F] [/V] where d: The device to be checked. If you do not specify a device, the default device is checked. /F CHKDSK repairs as well as reports the errors it finds. /V CHKDSK displays additional information as it executes. If you specify a filespec, CHKDSK reports on whether or not the specified file(s) occupies contiguous space on the disk. The CLS (clear screen) command erases the screen. COMMAND starts a new command processor (the MS-DOS program COMMAND.COM that contains all internal commands). COMMAND has the following format: COMMAND [d:pathname] [cttydev] [/P] [/E:size] [/C:command string] where d:pathname specifies where the COMMAND.COM file is located. cttydev specifies a different device than the keyboard for input. /P Tells COMMAND.COM not to exit to any higher level. /E Specifies the environment size, in bytes. The default is 160 bytes. The range is between 160 and 32768 bytes. /C Specifies a command string that is to be executed, after which COMMAND.COM exits to the next higher level. The COMP command compares the contents of two files or sets of files. The COMP command has the following format: COMP [filespec1] [filespec2] If you don't enter the filespec options, COMP prompts you for them. You can use the wildcard characters (* and ?) to specify filenames. For each pair of files compared, a message is displayed for each location in the two files that contains mismatching information. The CONFIG command provides the GRiD-specific configuration needed to optimize your GRiD laptop computer. CONFIG issues two messages if the command you enter is invalid. The message "This option is not supported on this system" means that the CONFIG option you specified is not valid for your model computer. The message "Invalid parameter" means the values you entered after the equal sign are not valid; this could be an incorrect parameter or an incorrect spelling or punctuation of the parameter. Enter the CONFIG command without options to display a list of your CONFIG settings. Move the highlight bar, and press ENTER to display help on a specific option. Enables or disables automatic standby mode. The CONFIG AUTOSTANDBY command enables and disables automatic standby. In standby mode, all computer systems are turned off except for the system random access memory (RAM). This saves your work and saves battery power. Because the computer system RAM continues to receive power, all your work is maintained. The format is: CONFIG AUTOSTANDBY = OFF | n where OFF indicates the machine will not automatically enter standby mode until this setting is changed (default). n is a number between 1 and 60 to specify the number of minutes of inactivity, after which the machine automatically enters standby mode. The automatic standby feature operates only when the machine is running on battery power. Set CONFIG SHADOWRAM = ON to use standby. Supported Computers: GRiD 1450sx Controls how long screen backlighting stays on. The CONFIG BACKLITE command controls the backlighting for those GRiD computers that have backlit screens. Specify as follows: CONFIG BACKLITE = ON | OFF | n where n is a number of minutes from 1 to 60. On computers with backlit displays, the backlighting can be controlled in three different ways. Specify the OFF option to turn OFF the backlighting. For continuous backlighting, specify the ON option (default). For automatic control of the backlighting, specify a number between 1 and 60. If a number is specified, the computer will turn off the backlighting after that number of minutes if there was no keyboard input during that time interval. Pressing any key turns the backlight on again. See the User's Guide for your computer for instructions on changing the backlight from the keyboard. Supported Computers: all computers equipped with optional backlight Specifies how characters are displayed. The CONFIG BOLDFONT command controls how characters appear on the built-in VGA display. The format is: CONFIG BOLDFONT = ON | OFF ON indicates regular characters are to be displayed as bold and bold characters are displayed in heavier font (default). This is an extension to VGA to improve the image displayed on the built-in display. OFF indicates characters are generated normally on the built-in display. This is standard VGA. Supported Computers: GRiD 1450sx, GRiDCASE 1500 (VGA) Sets the search order for the boot device. The CONFIG BOOT command sets the order of devices to be searched for the operating system when the computer starts up (or boots). The syntax is: CONFIG BOOT = harddisk [,floppy] | floppy [,harddisk] When the computer starts up, it searches its storage devices in a specific order for the operating system files; the default is harddisk, floppy. When it finds those files, the system boots. This command lets you change the search order. Supported Computers: GRiD 1450sx Determines how colors are mapped on the display. The CONFIG COLORMAP command determines how colors are mapped to the internal monochrome display. Some programs designed for color displays may be more readable with a different color mapping mode. Specify as follows: CONFIG COLORMAP = n where n specifies a color mapping mode (the default setting is 1). You can cycle through the color mapping modes directly from the keyboard. Your User's Guide describes the necessary keystrokes. Supported Computers: all models Determines the cursor appearance. The CONFIG CURSOR command is used to control the appearance of the cursor. Specify as follows: CONFIG CURSOR = [LINE | BLOCK] [,BLINK | ,NOBLINK] If you specify LINE, the cursor appears as a short underline (default). If you specify BLOCK, the cursor appears as a small highlighted rectangle. If you specify BLINK, the cursor blinks. If you specify NOBLINK, the cursor does not blink. The BLINK and NOBLINK parameters are valid only on the GRiDLite XL. Supported Computers: all models Controls power to an internal floppy disk drive. The CONFIG DISK command controls power to an internal floppy disk. Specify as follows: CONFIG DISK = ON | OFF The default setting is OFF. Specify ON only for those programs that access the disk controller directly rather than through the ROM BIOS. When ON is set, the power to the internal diskette is always on. Supported Computers: GRiDLITE XL. Sets the screen display. The CONFIG DISPLAY command sets the screen display. The syntax is: CONFIG DISPLAY = NORMAL | REVERSE where NORMAL Displays normally (default). On an LCD display, black characters display on a white background. This is the same as pressing CTRL-ALT-FN-BKSP or ALT-FN-COLOR when in reverse display. REVERSE Displays in reverse. On an LCD display, this displays white characters on a black background. This is the same as pressing CTRL-ALT-FN-BKSP or ALT-FN-COLOR when in normal display. Supported Computers: all models Sets the base address of the EMS page frame. The CONFIG EMSBASE is useful if you have installed the expanded memory manager device driver, EMM.SYS, to take advantage of expanded memory in your computer. The command has the following format: CONFIG EMSBASE = address The valid hexadecimal addresses are C8000, CC000, D0000, D4000, D8000, DC000, E0000; the default is E0000. EMS memory uses a 64 kB "page frame" in which it swaps EMS memory in and out of conventional memory. You don't normally need to change the address unless you have an expansion adapter that creates a conflict with the initial address. Supported Computers: GRiD 1450sx Sets the I/O address used for expanded memory. The CONFIG EMSIO command is useful if you have installed to expanded memory manager device driver, EMM.SYS, to take advantage of expanded memory in your computer. Expanded memory uses an I/O address in the computer. The format of the command is: CONFIG EMSIO = 208 | 218 | 258 | 268 | 2A8 | 2B8 The initial setting is hexadecimal memory address 258. Supported Computers: GRiD 1450sx Specifies expanding characters on the internal VGA display. The CONFIG EXPAND command indicates how much of the internal display is used. The format of the command is: CONFIG EXPAND = ON | OFF ON is an extension to VGA to improve the image displayed on a 640x480 flat panel display (default). In text mode, 640x480 of the built-in display is used to display characters using an expanded 8x19 font. In 640x200 and 640x350 graphics modes, the image is displayed using 640x480 pixels of the LCD display through the use of an expansion algorithm. OFF is the standard VGA. In text mode, 640x400 pixels of the built-in display are used to display characters using the standard 8x16 font. In 640x200 graphics mode, the image is displayed using 640x400 pixels. In 640x350 graphics mode, the image is displayed using 640x350 pixels of the LCD display. Supported Computers: GRiD 1450sx, GRiDCASE 1500 (VGA) Selects international character set; controls reverse video. The CONFIG FONT command controls character display on the screen. Specify as follows: CONFIG FONT = [1 | 2 | 3 | 4] This option is used to select an international character set, as shown below. 1 English character set 2 French Canadian character set 3 Norwegian character set 4 Hebrew character set If you are using an EGA or VGA display, use the MODE CODEPAGE command to select an international character set. Supported Computers: GRiDCASE 1500 (CGA) Specifies the gray tone for the frame. The CONFIG FRAMECOLOR command specifies the gray tone for the frame which is visible when displaying in a mode which does not use all of the 480 vertical pixels, such as when the CONFIG EXPAND = OFF command has been issued. This option is valid only for the built-in VGA display. The syntax is: CONFIG FRAMECOLOR = 0 | 1 | ... | 15 where 0 through 15 specify the shades of gray, with 0 being the darkest and 15 being the lightest; the default is 15. Supported Computers: GRiDCASE 1500 (VGA) Controls power to an internal hard disk. The CONFIG HARDDISK command controls power to the internal hard disk. Specify as follows: CONFIG HARDDISK = ON | OFF | n where n is a number of minutes from 1 to the maximum allowed by your hard disk (never more than 99). This option is useful for saving battery power by allowing you to turn off power to the internal hard disk when it is not being used. The default is ON; this means that the hard disk is always powered on. Specify OFF to turn off power immediately to the hard disk. Or, for automatic control, you can specify a number of minutes, after which the hard disk is turned off if it has not been accessed. In any case, the hard disk is automatically powered on when a disk access is required. Each type of hard disk has a different maximum interval that can be set. If you specify a number of minutes greater than the maximum allowed, the interval is set to the maximum, and you are alerted by a message to the actual number of minutes set. CAUTION: This CONFIG option is designed to help extend battery life. Do not use this option when operating the computer on AC power; doing so causes unnecessary wear on the hard disk and could shorten its life. Supported Computers: all models Lists all options of the CONFIG command. The CONFIG HELP or CONFIG ? command lists all the options of the CONFIG command. The syntax is: CONFIG HELP or CONFIG ? Supported Computers: all models Sets the display refresh for 50Hz or 60Hz. The CONFIG HZ option matches the display refresh frequency with ac power source frequency to prevent interference between the computer display and room lighting. Specify as follows: CONFIG HZ = 50 | 60 Specify 60 (default) if the machine is being used in the United States. Many other countries have an ac frequency of 50. If the internal display is difficult to view due to rolling wavy lines, try specifying 50. The value specified is remembered by the system and will be activated every time the computer is turned on. Supported Computers: GRiDLite XL, GRIDCASE 1500 (CGA) Controls the key click volume. The CONFIG KEYCLICK option has the following format: CONFIG KEYCLICK = OFF | LOW | HIGH The initial setting is off, which means the keyboard is silent when you press the keys. To turn on the clicking noise, specify LOW or HIGH, depending on how loud you want the key clicks to be. Supported Computers: GRiD 1450sx Controls the beeps that sound when the battery is low. The CONFIG LOWBEEP option enables or disables the beep that is sounded when the low battery warning indicator is on. The format of the option is: CONFIG LOWBEEP = ON | OFF When ON (default) is set, a series of three short beeps sounds when the low power light illuminates. The beeps continue at 15 second intervals until power is exhausted. Supported Computers: GRiD 1450sx Controls entering standby when battery is low. The CONFIG LOWSTANDBY option controls whether or not the computer will automatically enter standby mode when a low battery is detected. The format of the option is: CONFIG LOWSTANDBY = ON | OFF When ON (default) is set, the computer automatically enters standby mode when the battery is low. When OFF is set, the computer does not enter standby mode even though a low battery is detected. This option is valid only when the computer is powered from the battery. Supported Computers: GRiD 1450sx Specifies color mapping for characters. The CONFIG MAXCONTRAST command specifies how the color mapping for characters is to be done on a VGA screen. The syntax is: CONFIG MAXCONTRAST = ON | OFF ON selects the highest level of contrast possible between a character's foreground color and background color (default). The CONFIG COLORMAP option is not active in non-graphics modes when this is on. ON maximizes the contrast when viewing on an LCD display. OFF is standard VGA compatible. It maps the color selected by the program to a gray scale on the built-in display. If you are unable to see all the detail or color mapping on the LCD display, set MAXCONTRAST to OFF. Supported Computers: GRiD 1450sx, GRiDCASE 1500 (VGA) Controls EMS, Extended, and Shadow memory over 640k bytes. The CONFIG MEM command provides the capability to configure memory beyond 640k bytes as Expanded (EMS) memory, Extended (EXT) memory or Shadow RAM. Specify as follows: CONFIG MEM = EMS | EXT | SHADOW If you select EMS, memory beyond 640 kB is configured as EMS memory on a GRiDCASE 1520. On a GRiD 1450sx, all memory beyond 1 MB is expanded; the memory between 640 kB and 1 MB (384 kB) is available only for shadow memory. If you select EXT (default), memory beyond 640 kB is configured as Extended memory on a GRiDCASE 1520. On a GRiD 1450sx, all memory beyond 1 MB is extended; the memory between 640 kB and 1 MB (384 kB) is available only for shadow RAM. Selecting SHADOW on a GRiD 1450sx 1 MB computer indicates the 384 kB is to be used as shadow RAM. Expanded (EMS) memory is supported by many third party software applications, which can coexist by following the LIM EMS 4.0 standard. Extended memory is not supported under MS-DOS and is accessible only using the protected mode of the 80286, 80386, or 80386SX microprocessor. Shadow RAM refers to the 384kB of memory between 640 kB and 1MB. When shadow RAM is used, it "shadows" the system BIOS and the VGA BIOS; this means the BIOS is copied to the shadow RAM to improve speed. Shadow RAM is also used for standby mode. Optionally, shadow RAM can be mapped as extended or expanded memory, which precludes its use in standby mode or for shadowing BIOS's. Shadow RAM is currently available on the GRiD 1450sx computers. If you configure extra memory as EMS memory, you must install the EMM.SYS driver to take advantage of it. On 1 MB GRiD 1450sx computers that are set up as CONFIG MEM = SHADOW and have standby options enabled, the CONFIG MEM option cannot be changed until you disable the standby options. After changing the memory configuration, you must reboot your computer for it to take effect. The setting you choose is maintained even when the computer power is off. Supported Computers: GRiD 1450sx, GRiDCASE 1500 Compensates for horizontal columns. The CONFIG MGACOMP option compensates for more horizontal columns than fit on the display. It is used when displaying MDA, MGA, or HERC mode or VGA 256 Color Graphics Mode 70, which display more than 640 columns. The syntax is: CONFIG MGACOMP = LEFT | RIGHT | SKIP | COMBINE where LEFT Displays the left 640 columns. RIGHT Displays the right 640 columns. SKIP Skips every ninth column. COMBINE Combines very eighth and ninth columns (default). Valid on GRIDCASE 1500 (VGA), GRiD 1450sx. Controls internal modem. The CONFIG MODEM command switches on or off the power to the internal modem and assigns to it a device name. This version of the CONFIG command has the following format: CONFIG MODEM = ON | OFF | COM1 | COM2 where ON Turns the modem on if a COM port is assigned. OFF Turns the modem off. COM1 Assigns the modem to the COM1 port. COM2 Assigns the modem to the COM2 port. The COM1 and COM2 parameters are supported only on GRiD 1450sx computers. On a GRiD 1450sx, modem and serialB cannot both be assigned at the same time. The initial setting is for the modem to be assigned as COM1. Supported Computers: all models equipped with optional modem Turns the internal speaker on or off. The CONFIG MODEMSPEAKER command turns the internal modem speaker on or off while the modem is dialing and waiting for a connection. The format of the command is: CONFIG MODEMSPEAKER = ON | OFF ON (default) turns the speaker on while the modem is dialing so you can hear what is happening on the phone line. The speaker automatically turns off when a connection is made. OFF indicates the speaker is off at all times. Supported Computers: all models equipped with optional modem Controls the modem switch settings. The CONFIG MODEMSWITCHES command controls the Hayes Smartmodem switch settings emulated by the internal modem. The syntax of the command is: CONFIG MODEMSWITCHES = xxxxxxxx where the xxxxxxxx parameter represents the Hayes Smartmodem switches that are emulated in software. The setting for the MNP modem is initially UDDDDUUD (U stands for UP or ON, while D stands for DOWN or OFF). The switches are equal to the AT command shown in the second column. Switches 1 through 6 are defined for MNP modems. The table below reflects the meaning of each switch setting. Switch 1 &D1 UP Modem requires DTR active. &D0 DOWN Modem does not require DTR active. Switch 2 V1 UP Result codes sent as English words. V0 DOWN Result codes sent as digits. Switch 3 Q1 UP No result codes sent. Q0 DOWN Result codes are sent. Switch 4 E1 UP Echo characters when in command mode. E0 DOWN No echo. Switch 5 S0=1 UP Auto answer on first ring. S0=0 DOWN Do not answer. Switch 6 &C1 UP Carrier detect real. &C0 DOWN Carrier detect forced. Switch 7 UP Always up. Switch 8 UP Disables command recognition. DOWN Enables command recognition. Supported Computers: all models equipped with optional modem Controls the internal numeric keypad. The CONFIG NUMPAD command enables and disables the numeric keypad embedded in the internal keyboard. Specify as follows: CONFIG NUMPAD = ON | OFF Normally, the internal numeric keypad is enabled and disabled by the NUMLOCK key; however, some applications may erroneously force the keyboard into NUMLOCK mode. In such cases, you can use the CONFIG NUMPAD command to disable the internal numeric keypad. If NUMPAD is OFF, the keyboard NUMLOCK key will not enable the embedded keypad. The default is ON. Note that if a GRiD external numeric keypad is connected to the computer, the internal numeric keypad is automatically disabled. Supported Computers: all models Sets the location of the image. The CONFIG POSITION command sets the location of the image when the image does not use all 480 vertical pixels, such as when CONFIG EXPAND = OFF is set. The syntax is: CONFIG POSITION = TOP | CENTER | BOTTOM where TOP Indicates the image is to be at the top of the display panel. CENTER Indicates the image is to be centered on the display panel (default). BOTTOM Indicates the image is to be at the bottom of the display panel. Supported Computers: GRiD 1450sx, GRiDCASE 1500 (VGA) Resets the VGA display. The CONFIG RESETVGA command resets the VGA display to the factory defaults. The syntax is: CONFIG RESETVGA The factory defaults are: CONFIG BACKLITE = ON CONFIG BOLDFONT = ON CONFIG COLORMAP = 1 CONFIG DISPLAY = NORMAL CONFIG EXPAND = ON CONFIG FRAMECOLOR = 15 CONFIG MAXCONTRAST = ON CONFIG MGACOMP = COMBINE CONFIG POSITION = CENTER CONFIG SCREENSIZE = 80,25 CONFIG VGA = VGA CONFIG VIDEO = INTERNAL Supported Computers: GRiDCASE 1500 (VGA), GRiD 1450sx. Determines which device ROM files are appended to. The CONFIG ROM command sets the device letter that all ROM files, if available, are appended to. Specify as follows: CONFIG ROM = A | B | C | OFF If you select A, B or C, ROM files are appended to drives A, B, or C, respectively. If you select OFF, ROM files are not appended to any drive, and thus are not available for use. If you specify drive C, this setting is saved, even when the computer is powered off. If you select any other device, this setting is reset to drive A every time the computer is rebooted. Supported Computers: GRiDCASE 1500 (CGA), GRiDLITE XL Indicates the columns and rows to be displayed. The CONFIG SCREENSIZE command supports nonstandard alphanumeric display modes on VGA LCD displays and the VGA cartridge. The syntax is: CONFIG SCREENSIZE = cols,rows where cols and rows are an exact combination of characters and lines selected from the lists below for the monitor being used; the default is 80 columns by 25 rows. For systems with a VGA panel: Internal and external monitor: 40,25 80,25 80,60 Analog multifrequency monitor: 100,30 132,30 100,50 132,50 100,75 132,60 100,37 For systems with a VGA cartridge: Analog multifrequency monitor: 80, 25 132, 25 80, 28 132, 28 80, 43 132, 43 80, 50 132, 50 Analog fixed frequency monitor: 80, 25 80, 28 80, 43 80, 50 All digital monitors: 80, 25 132, 25 80, 43 132, 43 NOTE: If you are using GRiD386 and are operating the VGA display in any of the 43-row modes, you must append this parameter to the GRiD386 device driver line in your CONFIG.SYS file: VIDMEM=A000-C000. Supported Computers: GRiD 1450sx, GRiDCASE 1500 (VGA - cartridge or built-in) Controls the internal serial port. The CONFIG SERIAL command switches on or off power to the internal serial port on computers and assigns the physical device name. The syntax is: CONFIG SERIAL = ON | OFF where ON Turns on power to the serial port (default). OFF Turns off power to the serial port. Immediately after you turn on the power to the serial port, the following protocol is in effect for serial communications: 2400 baud, no parity, 8 databits, and 1 stopbit. To change these settings, use Option 3 of the MODE command. Supported Computers: GRiDCASE 1500, GRiDLITE XL Controls serial port A. The CONFIG SERIALA command switches on the power to serial port A and assigns the physical device name. The format of the option is: CONFIG SERIALA = ON | OFF | COM1 | COM2 where ON Turns on power to serial port A (default). OFF Turns off power to serial port A. COM1 Sets serial port A to COM1. COM2 Sets serial port A to COM2. Supported Computers: GRiD 1450sx Controls serial port B. The CONFIG SERIALB command switches on the power to serial port B and assigns the physical device name. The format of the option is: CONFIG SERIALB = ON | OFF | COM1 | COM2 where ON Turns on power to serial port B (default). OFF Turns off power to serial port B. COM1 Sets serial port B to COM1. COM2 Sets serial port B to COM2. On a GRiD 1450sx, the modem and SerialB cannot both be assigned at the same time. If you assign this port, the modem is no longer assigned. Supported Computers: GRiD 1450sx Specifies whether BIOS calls execute from shadow RAM or ROM. The CONFIG SHADOWRAM specifies whether BIOS calls are to execute from shadow RAM instead of from ROM. Shadow RAM is the 384 kB of memory between 640 kB and 1 MB. The form of the command is: CONFIG SHADOWRAM = ON | OFF where ON indicates the system BIOS and VGA BIOS execute from shadow RAM instead of ROM; system performance is enhanced. OFF (default) indicates shadow RAM is not used except for standby; this saves some power consumption. Shadow RAM refers to the 384 kB of memory between 640 kB and 1 MB. When shadow RAM is used, it "shadows" the system BIOS and the VGA BIOS; this means the BIOS is copied to the shadow RAM to improve speed. Shadow RAM is also used for standby mode. Optionally, on 1 MB computers, shadow RAM can be mapped as extended or expanded memory, which precludes its use in standby mode or for shadowing BIOS's. Supported Computers: GRiD 1450sx Turns the speaker on and off. The CONFIG SPEAKER option is controls the internal speaker; if it is set to OFF, sounds are not audible even if the application includes sounds; the default is ON. The format of the option is: CONFIG SPEAKER = ON | OFF Supported Computers: GRiD 1450sx Switches between fast and slow processor speeds. The CONFIG SPEED command switches the processor between fast and slow speeds on GRiD computers that have multi-speed processors. Specify as follows: CONFIG SPEED = FAST | SLOW If you select FAST (default), the processor runs at its high speed. If you select SLOW, the processor runs at its slow speed. If some programs don't seem to work properly at the higher speed, try switching to the slow speed. You can change the processor speed directly from the keyboard. See the User's Guide for your computer. Supported Computers: all models Controls entering standby mode. The CONFIG STANDBY command puts your computer into standby mode or specifies whether the computer will enter standby mode when the standby key is pressed. In standby mode, all computer systems are turned off except for the system random access memory (RAM). This both saves your work and saves battery power. Because the computer system RAM continues to receive power, all your work is maintained. The format of the option is: CONFIG STANDBY [= ON | OFF] If CONFIG STANDBY is entered without options, the computer immediately enters standby mode. The CONFIG STANDBY = ON command must be issued so that when the standby key is pressed, the computer goes into standby mode. If CONFIG STANDBY = OFF has been set, the computer will not go into standby mode when the standby key is pressed. Supported Computers: GRiD 1450sx Sets the VGA emulation mode. The CONFIG VGA command sets the VGA emulation mode for built-in VGA display and for the VGA cartridge. The format of the command is: CONFIG VGA = VGA | EGA | CGA | MGA | HERC where VGA Sets display to VGA mode (default). EGA Sets display to EGA mode; emulates IBM Enhanced Graphics Adapter. CGA Sets display to CGA mode; emulates IBM Color Graphics Adapter. MGA Sets display to emulate the Hercules Graphics card, also known as the Monochrome Graphics Adapter. HERC Sets display to emulate the Hercules Graphics Card. Supported Computers: GRiD 1450sx, GRiDCASE 1500 (VGA - built-in and cartridge) Specifies the display monitor for video output. The CONFIG VIDEO command allows you to select external video monitors through the monitor port or cartridge and to turn the internal monitor on or off. The format is: CONFIG VIDEO = INTERNAL | EXTERNAL | CARTRIDGE | CARD where INTERNAL Turns on the internal display. This is equivalent to pressing CTRL-ALT-TAB or FN-VIDEO when on an external display (default). EXTERNAL Turns on the video output connector on the rear panel of the computer. Screen output is displayed on an external monitor connected to the video output connector. This is equivalent to pressing CTRL-ALT-TAB or FN-VIDEO when on an internal display. CARTRIDGE Turns on the VGA cartridge. CARD Turns on the VGA adapter card in the expansion chassis. If a VGA adapter card is installed, this option activates the monitor connected to the VGA adapter card. The CARTRIDGE and CARD parameters are valid only on GRiDCASE 1500 computers. On computers with the VGA display option, you can switch between the internal display and the external display only when the display is in VGA mode (i.e., CONFIG VGA = VGA). Supported Computers: all models Schedules when the computer will wake up from standby mode. The CONFIG WAKEUP option is used to wake up the computer on a scheduled basis. The format of the option is: CONFIG WAKEUP = [day:] hour: minute [,HOURLY | ,DAILY | ,WEEKLY] [,BOOT] | OFF where day Specifies when the computer is to wake up from standby. day is a number between 1 and 7, where 1 = Sunday, 2 = Monday, etc. hour Specifies the hour of the day when the computer will wake up from standby. Values are 0 through 23, representing the hour on a 24-hour clock. minute Specifies the minute when the computer will wake up from standby. Values are 0 through 59. HOURLY Directs the computer to wake up from standby every hour at minute past the hour. DAILY Directs the computer to wake up from standby every day at hour:minute once day:hour:minute has occurred. WEEKLY Directs the computer to wake up every week at day:hour:minute once day:hour:minute has occurred. BOOT Indicates the wake up is to be in the form of a warm boot; the application in process when standby was entered will no longer be running. OFF Cancels the scheduled wake up (default). CAUTION: If you set CONFIG WAKEUP = BOOT, your computer will reboot every time you leave standby mode. The reboot occurs regardless of how you entered standby mode. If you have CONFIG WAKEUP = BOOT set, use the command CONFIG WAKEUP = OFF to clear it. Supported Computers: GRiD 1450sx Lists all valid options of the CONFIG command. The CONFIG ? or CONFIG HELP command lists all the options of the CONFIG command. Use this command to determine the options which are available on your computer. The syntax is: CONFIG ? or CONFIG HELP Supported Computers: all models CONFIG.SYS allows you to add devices to your computer and to control special MS-DOS features such as internal buffer space. CONFIG.SYS is a text file that you can edit with any text editor. When MS-DOS is started, it checks the contents of the CONFIG.SYS file on the current drive for configuration commands. These commands remain in effect until the next time MS-DOS is started. See the MS-DOS Reference manual for a complete discussion of CONFIG.SYS. The COPY command duplicates one or more source files to one or more destination files. The COPY command has the following format when copying data to a file: COPY filespec1 [filespec2] [/V] [/A] [/B] or COPY filespec1 [/V] [/A] [/B] [filespec2] where filespec1 is one or more source files and filespec2 is one or more destination files. You can specify either an existing file or a new file for filespec2. Specifying /V causes MS-DOS to verify that data on the destination device is readable. The /A and /B options are for the special handling of ASCII and binary files. COPY can also be used to join two or more source files into one destination file. Simply separate the source files in a COPY command with plus signs. For example, the command COPY A+B BIGFILE copies the files A and B into one large file named BIGFILE. EXAMPLES: The command COPY MYFILE.TXT YOURFILE.TXT copies the file MYFILE.TXT into a new file called YOURFILE.TXT. The command COPY B:*.* A: copies all the files from drive B to the disk in drive A. The command COPY A:*.TXT B: copies all the files on drive A with the .TXT file extension to drive B. The CTTY command changes the device from which you issue commands. CTTY has the following format: CTTY device device is the device from which you are giving commands to MS-DOS. This command is useful if you want to change the device on which you are working. The command CTTY AUX moves all command input/output to an AUX port, such as a serial port. CTTY CON returns all command input/output back to the console. The DATE command displays the current date as recorded by the computer and lets you change it, if you wish. The date you set determines the date you see in a file directory noting when the file was created or last modified. DATE has the following syntax: DATE [mm-dd-yy] The format of the date can be altered by the setting of the COUNTRY command in your CONFIG.SYS file. The DEL (delete) command deletes one or more files from a directory. DEL has either of the following formats: DEL filespec ERASE filespec where filespec specifies the file(s) to be deleted. Specifying the wildcards *.* refers to all files in the current directory. For example, the following command deletes all the files in the current directory: DEL *.* Before this command executes, however, the prompt Are you sure (Y,N)? appears. If you type a Y or y (for yes), then all files are deleted. The DEVICES command lists all of the devices recognized by MS-DOS, along with their assigned device letters. The DEVICES command is an easy way of determining the device letters for internal and peripheral disk drives you have attached to your computer. The DEVICES command has the following format: DEVICES The DIR (directory) command lists the files on the device and directory you specify. DIR has the following format: DIR [filespec] [/P] [/W] where /P (page) causes the directory to be displayed one screen at a time. /W (wide display) displays only filenames, across the screen. EXAMPLES: The command DIR displays the names of files in the current directory. The command DIR B: displays the names of files in the current drive B directory. The command DIR B:\SALES\*.TXT displays the names of files that have a .TXT extension in the SALES subdirectory on drive B. The DISKCOMP (disk compare) command compares the contents of two diskettes. DISKCOMP issues a message when a mismatch occurs, indicating the track number and the side where the mismatch occurred. DISKCOMP has the following format: DISKCOMP [d1:] [d2:] [/1] [/8] where d1,d2 indicate the drives which contain the diskettes to be compared. /1 DISKCOMP compares only the first side of a two sided diskette. /8 DISKCOMP compares only 8 sectors per track. If you do not specify device letters, DISKCOMP assumes that drive A will be used to compare both diskettes. DISKCOMP prompts you to insert each diskette when required. Do not use DISKCOMP to compare a 3.5-inch diskette with a 5.25-inch diskette. The difference in the number of tracks on each diskette may produce an error during the compare process. Use the FC (File Compare) or COMP commands to compare files on media with different formats. The DISKCOPY command copies the contents of a source diskette to a target diskette. DISKCOPY has the following format: DISKCOPY [d1:] [d2:] where d1 specifies the drive containing the diskette to be copied and d2 specifies the drive containing the destination diskette. After copying, DISKCOPY prompts: Copy complete Copy more diskettes (Y/N)? Press Y if you want to make another copy or N to end the copying process. Use the COPY command rather than the DISKCOPY command to copy files from a 3.5-inch diskette to a 5.25-inch diskette and vice versa. For example, to copy all the files from drive A: (a 3.5-inch drive) to drive B: (a 5.25-inch drive), use the following command: COPY A:*.* B: You can use "logical drives" with the DISKCOPY command. Logical drives allow you to use only one disk drive when you copy diskettes. This is useful if you have diskette drives with different capacities. See the LOGICALDRIVE help topic for details. Several CONFIG and MODE options exist to control the display on your GRiD computer. These options are summarized below (see the topic listed for more details). Description Command For More Information ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Set display mode MODE [n][,L|R][,T] MODE OPTION2 Set font CONFIG FONT=[1|2[|3|4]] CONFIG FONT [,RVON|,RVOFF] CONFIG BOLDFONT=ON|OFF CONFIG BOLDFONT CONFIG EXPAND=ON|OFF CONFIG EXPAND Set framecolor CONFIG FRAMECOLOR=0|1|..|15 CONFIG FRAMECOLOR VGA emulation CONFIG VGA=VGA|EGA|CGA| CONFIG VGA MGA|HERC|MDA Set color map CONFIG COLORMAP=n CONFIG COLORMAP Backlight control CONFIG BACKLITE=ON|OFF|n CONFIG BACKLITE Screen display CONFIG DISPLAY=NORMAL| CONFIG DISPLAY REVERSE Refresh rate CONFIG HZ=50|60 CONFIG HZ Contrast CONFIG MAXCONTRAST=ON|OFF CONFIG MAXCONTRAST Horizontal column CONFIG MGACOMP=LEFT|RIGHT| CONFIG MGACOMP compensation SKIP|COMBINE Image location CONFIG POSITION=TOP| CONFIG POSITION CENTER|BOTTOM Nonstandard CONFIG SCREENSIZE=cols,rows CONFIG SCREENSIZE display modes Display monitor CONFIG VIDEO=INTERNAL| CONFIG VIDEO EXTERNAL|CARTRIDGE|CARD DISPLAY.SYS is an installable device driver that supports code page switching for the console device. To install DISPLAY.SYS, insert a command line of the following form in your CONFIG.SYS file: DEVICE = [drive:][path]DISPLAY.SYS CON[:]=(type[,[hwcp][,n]]) or DEVICE = [drive:][path]DISPLAY.SYS CON[:]=(type[,[hwcp][,(n,m)]]) where type The display adapter in use. Valid types are: MONO, CGA, EGA, and LCD. If type is omitted, DISPLAY.SYS checks the hardware to select the active display adapter type. EGA supports both EGA and VGA display adapters. hwcp The code page supported by the hardware: 437 (United States), 850 (Multilingual), 860 (Portugal), 863 (Canadian-French), 865 (Norway). n Number of additional code pages which can be supported (0-12). This number is dependent on the hardware. MONO and CGA do not support other fonts, so n must be 0. For EGA, n can be 3; for LCD, 1. m Number of sub-fonts that are supported for each code page. The default for EGA is 2; for LCD, 1. The EDLIN (line editor) program is a line oriented text editor that can be used to create and edit text files. The text in files created by EDLIN is divided into lines. Line numbers are displayed by EDLIN during the editing process, but are not actually present in the saved file. EDLIN works by editing, deleting, inserting, and displaying lines. See the EDLIN chapter in the MS-DOS Reference manual for information on using EDLIN. EDLIN commands are summarized below: line # displays line to be edited A appends lines C copies lines D deletes lines E ends editing I inserts lines L lists text M moves lines P pages text Q quits editing R replaces lines S searches text T transfers text W writes lines Ctrl-Z denotes the end of a line or string. EMM.SYS is an expanded memory manager compatible with the LIM (Lotus/Intel/Microsoft) 4.0 standard that provides access to expanded memory if expanded memory is installed in your GRiD computer. To install EMM.SYS, place the following line in your CONFIG.SYS file and restart the computer: DEVICE=[d:][path]EMM.SYS [/D] where d:path Refers to the disk and path where you've copied EMM.SYS. /D Causes the driver to perform memory diagnostics when it is loaded. The EXE2BIN command converts .EXE files to .COM files. This results in a saving of disk space and faster program loading. EXE2BIN has the following format: EXE2BIN filespec1 filespec2 See the MS-DOS Reference manual for further information on using EXE2BIN. The EXIT command exits the COMMAND.COM (command processor) program and returns to a previous level, if one exists. This command is mainly useful in conjunction with nested batch files. EXIT has the following format: EXIT FASTOPEN decreases the amount of time needed to open frequently used files and directories. Each time you open a file or directory, FASTOPEN records its name and location. Then, if you reopen the file or directory, your computer immediately knows where to find it. The FASTOPEN command has the following format: FASTOPEN [d:=nnn][...]] The number nnn is the number of files for the disk d: that you want FASTOPEN to track. nnn can be in the range 10-999; the default is 10. You can execute this command only once. If you want to change the setting, you must restart MS-DOS. FASTOPEN uses approximately 40 bytes of main memory for each file or directory it tracks. The following command causes MS-DOS to track the location of up to 100 files on drive C: FASTOPEN c:=100 The FC (file compare) command compares the contents of two files. The comparisons are made in one of two ways: on a line-by-line basis or a byte-by-byte basis. The line-by-line comparison isolates blocks of lines that are different between the two files, while the byte-by-byte comparison displays the bytes that are different between the two files. FC has the following format: FC [/n /A /B /C /W /L /LBn /N /T] filename1 filename2 FC matches the first file (filename1) against the second file (filename2) and reports any differences between them. FC bases the comparison on the following switch settings: /n Specifies a number from 1 to 9. This is the number of lines required to match for the files to be considered matching again after a difference has been found. The default is 2. Only used for source files. /A Abbreviates the output of an ASCII comparison. /B Indicates that files are to be compared byte-by-byte. /W Causes FC to compress "whites" (tabs and spaces) during the comparison. /C Causes the matching process to ignore the case of letters. /L Compares the files in ASCII mode. /LBn Sets the internal line buffer to n lines. The default length of the internal buffer is 100 lines. /N Displays the line numbers on an ASCII comparison. /T Does not expand tabs to spaces. See the File Comparison chapter in the MS-DOS Reference manual for details on FC's limitations, usage, and reporting. The FDISK (fixed disk) utility is used to prepare a hard disk for use with MS-DOS. You must perform the following steps to prepare a hard disk: - Define an area on the hard disk (called a "partition"). - Format the partition using the FORMAT command. FDISK is used primarily to create and manage partitions on your hard disk. See the chapter on Hard Disk Preparation in the MS-DOS Reference manual. The FIND command searches for a specific string of text in one or more files. FIND is a filter that takes as options a string enclosed in quotes and a series of filenames. It displays all lines that contain the specified string. If no files are specified, FIND takes the input on the screen and displays all lines that contain the specified string. FIND has the following format: FIND [/V /C /N] "string" [filespec...] where /V FIND displays all lines not containing the specified string. /C FIND prints only a count of lines that contained a match. /N FIND precedes each line by its relative line number in the file. The FORMAT command initializes diskettes and hard disks to a format usable by MS-DOS. You must use the command to format storage media before it can be used to hold MS-DOS files. FORMAT has the following format: FORMAT d: [/B] [/V] [/S] [/1] [/8] [/4] [/N:xx] [/T:yy] where d: Specifies a storage device attached to your computer. If you do not specify a device, MS-DOS initializes the default device. /B Formats the disk, leaving ample space to copy an operating system, such as MS-DOS 3.3 You cannot use the /V or the /S switches with the /B switch. /V Causes FORMAT to prompt you for a volume label to identify the disk. /S Causes FORMAT to make the new disk bootable by copying system files. /1 Causes FORMAT to prepare only one side of a 5.25-inch diskette. /8 Formats a diskette for 8 sectors per track. /4 Formats a 360k byte diskette in a high density 5.25-inch drive. /N Specifies the number of sectors per track. /T Specifies the number of tracks. To format a 720k byte (normal density) 3.5-inch floppy disk in a 1.44M byte (high density) diskette drive, specify FORMAT as follows: FORMAT d: /N:9 /T:80 Do not use the /N and /T switches when formatting a diskette in a normal density disk drive. FORMATLD is a batch file that automatically supplies the correct parameters to format normal density 3.5-inch diskettes in high (1.44M byte) or normal (720k byte) density diskette drives. To protect yourself against possible data loss as a result of incorrect formatting, you should use this batch file to format normal density 3.5-inch diskettes. To use this batch file to format a normal density diskette in drive A, for example, specify the following command: FORMATLD a: The GRAFTABL command loads additional character data into a table in memory for use with a color or graphics adapter. GRAFTABL has the following format: GRAFTABL [nnn | /STATUS] where nnn is any of the following: 437 (United States); 850 (Multilingual); 860 (Portuguese); 863 (Canadian-French); 865 (Nordic). The /STATUS option displays the active code page. The GRAFTABL command may be used multiple times to change the loaded characters. The GRAPHICS command activates the print-screen facility. GRAPHICS has the following format: GRAPHICS [printer] [/R] [/B] [/P=port] where /R Prints black and white exactly as seen on the screen. The default is to print black as white and white as black. /B Prints the background in color. This option is valid only for COLOR4 and COLOR8 printers. /P Sets the parallel printer port to which the output will be sent. port can be 1, 2, or 3. The printer option may be one of the following: COLOR1 IBM Personal Computer Color Printer with black ribbon. COLOR4 IBM Personal Computer Color Printer with RGB (red, blue, and black) ribbon. COLOR8 IBM Personal Computer Color Printer with CMY (cyan, magenta, yellow and black) ribbon. COMPACT IBM Personal Computer Compact Printer. GRAPHICS IBM Personal Computer Graphics Printer. After you enter the command, pressing Fn-PrtSc (the Print Screen key) prints the contents of the screen. GRAPHICS remains in effect until you restart your computer. GRiDCache is a utility program separately available from GRiD that can increase your GRiD computer system performance by disk caching. GRiDCache can be used on any GRiD computer running GRiD MS-DOS version 3.2 or later. GRiDCache supports all GRiD disk drives except for removable cartridge-type drives. GRiDCache is a device driver that must be installed in your CONFIG.SYS file with a line like the following: DEVICE=[d:][path]GRIDCACH.SYS options where d:path refers to the disk and path where you've copied GRIDCACH.SYS, and options refers to additional options listed in the GRiDCache User's Guide. The GRiDSCAN command displays information about your GRiD computer hardware configuration. The following information is included: System BIOS date Processor type Coprocessor type, if installed Amount of conventional RAM installed and free Amount of expanded and/or extended memory installed and free Type and size of internal and external disk drives Type of other external devices attached Keyboard firmware date GRID VGA cartridge BIOS date or built-in VGA BIOS version number, if installed Modem type and PROM checksum, if installed Serial port number (COM1 or COM2) Color mapping method Information on ROMs installed The HELP command provides information about MS-DOS commands and your GRiD computer. - Type "HELP" at the command prompt to start HELP, or type "HELP topic" to go straight to help on a specific topic. - Press Alt-Q at any time to exit HELP. - Press F1 at any time to get context-sensitive help on HELP. - Press Alt-P to print the currently-displayed help topic. Examples of valid HELP commands include: C>HELP C>HELP APPEND C>HELP MODE This command joins a disk drive to a specific path. If the path does not exist, MS-DOS tries to make a directory with that path. The path must be empty. After you issue the JOIN command, the first drive name becomes invalid, and if you try to use it, MS-DOS displays the error message, " Invalid Drive". JOIN has the following format: JOIN d: [d:][path] To "unjoin", use the /D switch, as follows: JOIN d: /D The keyboard on your GRiD computer emulates the functions of a full-feature IBM PC-compatible keyboard. The functions identified by blue keycap labels require that you hold down the FN key while pressing the desired keycap. The keyboard also contains an embedded numeric keypad on the right side of the keyboard. Press the Num Lock key to access the numeric keypad. Details on the keyboard for your computer are found in Chapter 2 of your computer User's Guide. LABEL creates, changes or deletes the volume identification on a disk. LABEL has the following format: LABEL [d:][volume label] The volume label can be up to 11 characters long. You should not use the following characters in a volume label: * ? / \ | . , ; : + = < > [ ] ( ) & ^ The volume label may include spaces, but may not include tabs. LINK is a programming tool used to combine separately produced object modules into one relocatable load module--a program you can run. Summary of Methods to Start LINK 1. LINK 2. LINK filenames [/switches] 3. LINK @filespec Method 1 prompts you through four questions: object modules to be linked, run file, list file, and libraries. Method 2 consists of the following command line: LINK object-list, runfile, listfile, lib-list[/switch...]. Method 3 uses a response file which contains answers to the LINK prompts. See the discussion of LINK in the MS-DOS Reference manual for details. MS-DOS assigns a second device letter to the internal diskette drive and to the first external disk drive, if one exists. This allows operations for those commands that require both a source and target diskette. The drive letters assigned to these "logical drives" depends on your hardware configuration. Common configurations and drive letter assignments are listed below. Configuration Device Letters ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 internal diskette drive A, B (no hard disk) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 internal diskette drive A, C or, depending B, D 1 external diskette drive B, D on floppy drive A, C (no hard disk) switch settings ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 internal diskette drive A, B 1 hard disk C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 internal disk drive A, D or, depending B, E 1 external disk drive B, E on floppy drive A, D 1 hard disk C switch settings C ---------------------------------------------------------------------- EXAMPLE: Suppose that drive A is an internal 3.5-inch disk drive, drive B is an external 5.25-inch disk drive, and that there is an internal hard disk. Drive A is the same as logical drive D and drive B is the same as logical drive E. Hence, to copy a file from a 3.5-inch disk to another 3.5-inch disk in the same drive, you could type COPY A:filename D: MS-DOS would prompt you to insert the source and target disks at appropriate times. LOWPOWER.SYS is a device driver that causes your GRiD computer to beep when battery power becomes nearly exhausted. A set of 3 short beeps begins to sound at the same time that the low power light illuminates. The beeps continue to sound about once every 15 seconds until power is exhausted. When the beeps begin to sound, you should save your data immediately and supply AC power to the computer or switch to a fully charged battery pack. LOWPOWER.SYS is a device driver that must be installed in your CONFIG.SYS file with a line like the following: DEVICE=[d:][path]LOWPOWER.SYS This device driver can be used on GRiDCASE 1500 and GRiDLITE XL computers. The MKDIR (or MD, for make directory) command creates a new directory. The MKDIR command has either of the following formats: MKDIR pathname MD pathname where pathname can be one or more existing directory names separated by reverse backslashes. The last name is the name of the new directory. For example, the command MD WEST creates a directory called WEST subordinate to the current directory. The MODE command provides options for controlling output devices and code page switching. The options are summarized below. Move the highlight bar and press ENTER to display help on a specific option. MODE LPTn controls output to the printer. This version of the MODE command determines the width and vertical spacing of documents produced by the printer. This version of the MODE command has the following format: MODE LPTn:[c][,v][,P] where n Is 1, 2, or 3 for the printer to be used. c Is either 80 or 132 for the number of characters per line. v Is either 6 or 8 for the number of vertical lines per inch. P Indicates that you want the computer to retry printing after a time-out error occurs. MODE BW|CO sets display modes for the screen and monitor. This version of the MODE command sets the display mode for the computer screen and the external monitor. This version of the MODE command has either of the following formats: MODE n or MODE [n][,s [,t]] where the n parameter specifies both the type of display attached to your computer and the number of characters per line as explained in the table below. n setting Result 40 40 characters per line on the screen and external monitor. 80 80 characters per line on the screen and external monitor. BW40 40 characters per line on the screen and external monitor; if the external monitor is a color display, the screen displays in black and white. BW80 80 characters per line on the screen and external monitor; if the external monitor is a color display, the screen displays in black and white. CO40 40 characters per line on the screen and external monitor; if the external monitor is a color display, the screen displays in color. CO80 80 characters per line on the screen and external monitor; if the external monitor is a color display, the screen displays in color. MONO Specifies the monochrome display adapter, which is 80 characters per line. s Is either L (for left) or R (for right) to shift the display on an external monitor to the indicated direction. t When the t parameter is specified, a test pattern is displayed and you are prompted to indicate if the screen is aligned properly. This option only works in conjunction with the s parameter and only affects the external monitor. MODE COMn determines serial port's communications protocol. This version of the MODE command turns on the serial port and specifies the protocol to be used. This version of the MODE command has the following format: MODE COMn:baud[,parity[,databits[,stopbits[,P]]]] where COMn Specify COM1, COM2, COM3, or COM4, indicating the port number. This is a required parameter; you must always specify a port number. baud Is 110, 150, 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, or 19,200. parity Is N (none), O (odd) or E (even). The default is E. databits Is 7 or 8. The default is 7. stopbits Is 1 or 2. The default is 1. P Indicates that you want the computer to retry printing after a time-out error occurs on a serial printer. MODE LPTx=COMy redirects parallel printer output. This version of the MODE command causes output printed on a parallel printer to be redirected to a printer connected to the serial port. This version of the MODE command has the following format: MODE LPTx=COMy where x Is 1, 2, or 3 for the printer number. y Is 1, 2, 3, or 4 for the serial port. MODE CODEPAGE PREPARE prepares code page. This version of the MODE command prepares code pages for a given device. It has the following format: MODE device CODEPAGE PREPARE=((cp)[drive:][path]filename) or MODE device CODEPAGE PREPARE=((cplist)[drive:][path]filename) where device Specifies one of CON, PRN, LPT1, LPT2, LPT3. cp Specifies one code page number: 437, 850, 860, 863, 865. cplist Specifies a list of code pages. filename Specifies file containing code pages: 4201.CPI - IBM Proprinter 5202.CPI - IBM Quietwriter III Printer EGA.CPI - EGA type devices LCD.CPI - IBM Convertible LCD MODE CODEPAGE SELECT specifies the code page. This version of the MODE command specifies which code page should be used with a device. The code page must have been prepared using Option 5. The format of the command is: MODE device CODEPAGE SELECT=cp where device Specifies one of CON, PRN, LPT1, LPT2, LPT3. cp Specifies one code page number: 437, 850, 860, 863, 865. MODE CODEPAGE displays current code pages This version of the MODE command displays the current code pages prepared and/or selected for a device. The format of the command is: MODE device CODEPAGE [/STATUS] MODE CODEPAGE REFRESH reestablishes the active code page. This version of the MODE command reestablishes the active code page if it has been lost. The format of the command is: MODE device CODEPAGE REFRESH where device Specifies one of CON, PRN, LPT1, LPT2, LPT3. See the CONFIG command for information about operating the internal modem. The MORE command sends output to the display one screen at a time. MORE has the following format: MORE The MORE command is useful for viewing a long file one screen at a time. If you type TYPE MYFILES.TXT | MORE MS-DOS displays the file MYFILES.TXT one screen at a time. You scroll through each screen by pressing any key. The NLSFUNC command loads country-specific information. It supports the use of extended country-specific information and code page switching. The format of the command is: NLSFUNC [[drive:][path]filename] where filename specifies the file containing country-specific information. The default value is defined by the COUNTRY command in your CONFIG.SYS. If no COUNTRY command exists in your CONFIG.SYS file, the COUNTRY.SYS file in your root directory is used. To use the default country-specific information, type NLSFUNC. The NLSFUNC command must be issued prior to using the CHCP command. The PATH command sets a command search path. PATH has the following format: PATH [pathname[;pathname]...] This command allows you to tell MS-DOS which directories should be searched for external commands after MS-DOS searches the current directory. The default is no path. For example, to tell MS-DOS to look in the \DOS directory for external commands, type PATH \DOS You can tell MS-DOS to search more than one path by specifying several pathnames separated by semicolons. The command PATH with no options displays the current path. If you specify PATH ; MS-DOS sets the NUL path, meaning that only the current directory is searched for external commands. Several CONFIG options manage power usage on your GRiD computer (depending on model). Sleep mode is a power-saving mode that the computer's microprocessor automatically enters whenever it is not busy doing something else. Because the microprocessor works so fast, it may go in and out of sleep mode several times each second. The computer uses less power in sleep mode and this can significantly extend battery life. In standby mode, all computer systems are turned off except for the system random access memory (RAM). This both saves your work and saves battery power. Because the computer system RAM continues to receive power, all your work is maintained. The power saving options are summarized below (see the CONFIG topic for more details). Description Command ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Set automatic CONFIG AUTOSTANDBY = OFF | n standby mode Control power to CONFIG DISK = ON | OFF internal floppy Control power to CONFIG HARDDISK = ON | OFF | n internal hard disk Control low battery CONFIG LOWBEEP = ON | OFF warning beep Enter standby CONFIG STANDBY = [ON | OFF] Schedule a regular CONFIG WAKEUP = [day:]hour:minute [,HOURLY | wakeup from standby [,DAILY | [,WEEKLY] [,BOOT] | OFF The PRINT command prints a file in the background, allowing you to use your computer for other work. PRINT has the following format: PRINT [[filespec][/D:device][/B:size][/U:ticks][/M:ticks][/S:timeslices] [/Q:value][/T][/C][/P]]... where filespec is the file to be printed, and /D Specifies the print device. If not specified, the default device is PRN. PRINT prompts for a print device. /B Sets the size (in bytes) of the internal buffer. Increasing the value of /B speeds up the PRINT command. /U Sets the number of clock ticks that PRINT will wait for a printer. The job is not run if the printer is not available in the specified time. The default is 1. /M Sets the number of clock ticks that PRINT can take to print a character on the printer. The default is 2. /S Sets the number of time slices used by MS-DOS for the PRINT command. The default is 8. The range of values can be from 1 to 255. /Q Specifies the number of files allowed in the print queue if you want more than 10. The minimum value for the /Q switch is 4; the maximum is 32. /T Deletes all files in the print queue. /C Turns on cancel mode. The preceding filespec and all following filespecs are suspended in the print queue until you specify PRINT with a /P switch. /P Turns on print mode. The preceding filespec and all following filespecs are added to the print queue until a /C switch is specified. PRINT with no options displays the contents of the print queue. PRINTER.SYS is an installable device driver that supports code page switching for parallel ports LPT1, LPT2, and LPT3. The port name PRN may be substituted for LPT1 to refer to the first parallel port. To install PRINTER.SYS, include a command line of the following form in your CONFIG.SYS file. DEVICE = [drive:][path]PRINTER.SYS LPTx= (type[,[hwcp][,n]]) or DEVICE = [drive:][path]PRINTER.SYS LPTx= (type[,[hwcp1, hwcp2...][,n]]) where type Printer in use: 4201 - IBM 4201 Proprinter family, 5202 - IBM 5202 Quietwriter III hwcp Code page supported by the hardware: 437 (United States), 850 (Multilingual), 860 (Portugal), 863 (Canadian-French), 865 (Norway). n Number of additional code pages that can be supported; the maximum is 12 and is dependent on the hardware. The PROMPT command allows you to change the MS-DOS command prompt. PROMPT has the following format: PROMPT [prompt text] If no text is typed, the prompt is set to the default prompt, which is the default drive designation. You can change the prompt by specifying for prompt text a dollar sign followed by a special character as shown below. Character Resulting Prompt Character Resulting Prompt ----------------------------------------------------------------------- | $$ $ | $t current time | | $d current date | $p default drive's directory | | $v version number | $n default drive | | $g > character | $l '<' character | | $b | character | $h backspace | | $q = character | $_ CR LF sequence | | $e ASCII code for escape | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------- For example, the command PROMPT Time = $t$_Date = $d sets a two line prompt which prints: Time = (current time) Date = (current date) To change back to the original prompt simply type PROMPT. RAMDRIVE is a utility that, when installed, effectively creates another logical disk drive. To install the RAMDRIVE.SYS driver, add the following line to the CONFIG.SYS file: DEVICE=RAMDRIVE.SYS [disksize][,sectorsize][,#directory entries][/E][/A] [disksize] is an optional parameter used to specify the size of the RAM disk. The default is 64K and the minimum value is 16K. [sectorsize] is an optional parameter to specify the sector size in bytes. The default value is 128. Acceptable values are 128, 256, 512. [#directory entries] is an optional parameter used to specify the number of directory entries in the root directory. The default is 64 and the range available is from 2 to 1024 entries. /E Uses extended memory for the RAM disk. Cannot be used with the /A switch. /A Uses expanded (EMS) memory for the RAM disk. Cannot be used with the /E switch. NOTE: Remember that this is a RAM disk and, therefore, data or programs stored in it are lost when the power is turned off or the computer is rebooted. The RECOVER command recovers a file or an entire diskette containing bad sectors. RECOVER has the following format: RECOVER filename | d: If a sector on a disk is bad, you can recover either the file containing that sector or the entire disk (if the bad sector was in the directory). To recover a particular file, type: RECOVER filename where filename is the name of the file to be recovered. To recover a disk, type: RECOVER d: where d: is the letter of the drive containing the disk to be recovered. CAUTION: Be careful when you use the RECOVER command on a disk. It renames all of the files using the format FILE0001.REC, FILE0002.REC, etc. It is recommended that you backup the files before attempting to recover a disk. The REN command (rename) lets you change the names of one or more files. The REN command has the following format: REN filespec1 filespec2 where filespec1 identifies the names of the file(s) you want to rename filespec2 is the new file name. EXAMPLES: The command REN MYFILE.TXT YOURFILE.TXT changes the name of MYFILE.TXT to YOURFILE.TXT. The command RENAME B:*.LST *.PRN changes the names of all files on drive B with the .LST extension to similar names with the .PRN extension. The REPLACE command updates previous versions of files. REPLACE has the following format: REPLACE filespec1 [filespec2] [/A] [/P] [/R] [/S] [/W] filespec1 is the source file or directory and filespec2 is the destination. /A Adds new files in the target directory. May not be used with /S. /P Prompts you before replacing a target file or adding a source file. /R Replaces read-only files as well as unprotected files. /S Causes REPLACE to search all subdirectories of the target directory while it replaces matching files. May not be used with /A. /W Waits for you to press any key before replacing files. The RESTORE command restores files that have been backed up by BACKUP. Files backed up with BACKUP are not immediately accessible; you must use the RESTORE command to return the files to their original locations to make them usable. RESTORE has the following format: RESTORE d1: [d2:][pathname] [/S][/P][/A:mm-dd-yy][/B:mm-dd-yy][/E:hh:mm] [/L:hh:mm][/M][/N] where d1 Specifies the disk drive where the files are backed up. d2 Specifies the disk drive where the files are to be restored. If you don't specify a pathname, the files are restored to the current directory; otherwise, they're restored to the specified directory. /S Restores files at all levels of subdirectories, as well as in the specified directory. /P Makes RESTORE prompt you before restoring hidden or read-only files. /A Restores only files modified on or after the specified date. /B Restores only files modified on or before the specified date. /E Restores only files modified at or earlier than the specified time. /L Restores only files modified at or later than the specified time. /M Restores only files modified since the last backup. /N Restores only files that no longer exist on the target disk. EXAMPLE: The command RESTORE A: C: /S restores all files on disk drive A to disk drive C. The RMDIR command (remove directory) erases a directory name. The RMDIR command has either of the following formats: RMDIR [pathname] RD [pathname] All the files in the directory must be deleted before the RMDIR command will erase the directory. The SET command sets one string equivalent to another string in the MS-DOS environment for use in other programs and batch files. SET has the following format: SET [string=string] If you enter SET with no arguments, MS-DOS displays the current environment settings. The SETPASS utility allows you to set a password for your computer. If you set a password on your computer, you will be required to enter the password each time you turn on or restart the computer. The password must be entered to gain access to the files and programs stored on the computer. If the password is not entered correctly, the computer simply restarts and prompts you for it again. To activate or change the password, enter the command SETPASS. The password screen is displayed, giving you the ability to activate, disable, or change the password. You also can choose the language used for the password prompt. If you have set a password and you forget it, you must call the GRiD Resource Center for assistance. SETPASS will not work properly on systems that remap the keyboard (i.e, when MS-DOS keyboard drivers are used). The SHARE command is used only when networking is active. It is usually included in the AUTOEXEC.BAT file to install file sharing. SHARE has the following format: SHARE [/F:space][/L:locks] where /F Sets the file space to allocate (in bytes) for the area MS-DOS uses to record filesharing information. Each file that is open needs the length of the full filename plus 11 bytes (the average pathname is 20 bytes). The default value for /F is 2048 bytes. /L Sets the number of locks you want to allow. The default value for the /L switch is 20. The SHOWMEM command displays the amount and type of total and free memory available in your computer. Free memory refers to the amount of memory that is currently unused and available for programs and data. SHOWMEM has the following format: SHOWMEM The SORT command reads input, sorts the data, and outputs the sorted data. SORT has the following format: SORT [filespec] [/R] [/+n] where /R Specifies that the sort is to be done in reverse sort order. /+n Indicates that sorting is to be done beginning with the nth column. SORT is especially useful in conjunction with redirected input and output. For example, the command DIR | SORT /+14 causes the directory to be sorted starting with column 14 and displayed on the screen. The SUBST (substitute) command creates or deletes a "virtual drive" by associating a pathname with a drive letter. The SUBST command has the following format: SUBST [d:][pathname] [/D] Use the /D switch to delete an associated drive or pathname. You can specify this switch immediately after the drive name. For example, the command: SUBST p: c:\ws\status\may creates a virtual drive P for the pathname "c:\ws\status\may". Now you can refer to this directory by simply typing "p:". NOTE: You may need to use the LASTDRIVE command in your CONFIG.SYS file in order to create a virtual drive beyond drive E, since initially, MS-DOS recognizes only drives A through E. Refer to the CONFIG.SYS command LASTDRIVE in the MS-DOS Reference manual for details. The SYS command transfers the MS-DOS system files to any other storage media, such as a floppy or hard disk, to make that media bootable. SYS has the following format: SYS d: where d: is the letter of the device containing the media to receive the MS-DOS system files. NOTE: In order for an MS-DOS system disk to be bootable, the disk must contain the COMMAND.COM file. SYS will not automatically copy this file to the target diskette; you must manually transfer COMMAND.COM, using the COPY command, to the target diskette. Many GRiD computers have microprocessors that can run at either fast or slow speeds. If your GRiD computer has two speeds, you will generally want to run it at its fastest speed; this is the default. If some programs don't seem to work properly at the higher speed, try switching to the slow speed. You can change the processor speed directly from the keyboard. See the Owner's Guide for your computer for the keystrokes. You can also use the CONFIG SPEED option to change the processor speed. See the topic CONFIG SPEED for more information. The TIME command displays the current time as recorded by the computer and lets you change it, if you wish. The time you set determines the time you see in a file directory noting when the file was accessed. TIME has the following format: TIME [hh[:mm][:ss][.cc]] where hh represents the hour and can be any number from 00 to 23. mm represents the minute and can be any number from 00 to 59. The format of the time can be altered by the setting of the COUNTRY command in your CONFIG.SYS file. NOTE: When setting the time, you don't have to enter ss (seconds) or cc (hundredths of seconds). TREE displays the path (and optionally lists the contents) of each directory and subdirectory on the given drive. TREE has the following format: TREE [d:] [/F] The /F switch causes TREE to display the names of the files in each directory. The TYPE command displays the contents of a file on the screen. TYPE has the following format: TYPE [d:] filename TYPE displays the data in the specified file on the screen. To temporarily halt the scrolling, press CTRL-S; to resume scrolling, press any key. The VER (version) command displays the release number of the version of MS-DOS running on your computer. The version number is important when experiencing operating problems because you need to ensure that you are using the version of MS-DOS required by your applications. The VERIFY command controls verification of disk write operations. VERIFY has the following format: VERIFY [ON | OFF] This command has the same effect as the /V switch in the COPY command. If you want to verify that all files written to a disk are readable, you can use the VERIFY command to tell MS-DOS to verify this. VERIFY ON remains in effect until you issue a VERIFY OFF command to MS-DOS or you run a program that turns verification off. If you want to know what the current setting of VERIFY is, type VERIFY with no options. The VOL command displays the disk volume label, if it exists. VOL has the following format: VOL [d:] where d: is the drive to be checked for a volume label. If no drive is specified, MS-DOS prints the volume label of the default disk. Copies files and directories, including lower level directories if they exist. XCOPY has the following format: XCOPY filespec1 [filespec2] [/A][/D:mm-dd-yy][/E][/M][/P][/S][/V][/W] where /A Copies source files that have their archive attribute set. It does not modify the archive attribute of the source file. Refer to the ATTRIB command for information on how to set the archive attribute. /D:mm-dd-yy Copies source files that were modified on or after the date specified by mm-dd-yy. Note that the date format may vary depending on the country code you are using. /E Copies any subdirectories, even if they are empty. You can only use this switch if you also specify the /S switch. /M Copies all source files that have their archive attribute set, and turns off the archive attribute in the source file. See the ATTRIB command for information on how to set the archive attribute of a file. /P Prompts you with "(Y/N)?", allowing you to confirm whether you want to create each target file. /S Copies directories and lower level subdirectories unless they are empty. If you omit this switch, XCOPY works within a single directory. /V Causes XCOPY to verify each file as it is written to the target to make sure that the target files are readable. /W Causes XCOPY to wait before it starts copying files. XCOPY displays the message: "Press any key when ready to start copying files" You must press a key to continue, or press CTRL-C to abort the XCOPY command. Because the DISKCOPY command copies disks track-by-track, it requires your source and target disks to have the same format. So if you want to make a copy of a disk that contains files in subdirectories to a target disk that has a different format, you must use the XCOPY command. EXAMPLE: The command XCOPY A: C: /S /E copies all of the files and subdirectories (including any empty subdirectories) on the disk in drive A to hard disk drive C. The Topic menu lists the topics on which help is available. The menu bar (the highlighted bar on the first line of the screen) displays the commands available in the Topic menu. These commands and their actions are as follows: Key Command Action --- ------- ------ F1 Help Display this help text Alt-Q Quit Exit HELP and return to MS-DOS Alt-C Color Change screen attributes to color Alt-M Monochrome Change screen attributes to monochrome ESC Cancel Return to the previous level, in this case, MS-DOS ENTER Display Display help text for the highlighted topic You select a topic by following these steps: 1. Move the highlighted bar to the topic with the arrow keys or alphanumeric keys 2. Press ENTER The help text for the topic then appears. Press ESC to return to the Topic menu from the help text. The arrow keys functions as follows: Key Function --- -------- Up arrow Moves the highlight bar up one topic Down arrow Moves the highlight bar down one topic PgUp Moves the highlight bar up several topics PgDn Moves the highlight bar down several topics Home Moves the highlight bar to the first topic End Moves the highlight bar to the last topic A-Z, 1-9 Moves the highlight bar to the next topic beginning with that letter or number When you run HELP, you can skip the Topic menu and go directly to the Help Display by typing the topic name on the command line; for instance, the command C>HELP APPEND will display the help text for the APPEND command. HELP is now displaying help text for a topic you have selected. The menu bar (the highlighted bar on the first line of the screen) displays the commands available in the Help Display. These commands and their actions are as follows: Key Command Action --- ------- ------ F1 Help Display this help text Alt-Q Quit Exit HELP and return to MS-DOS ESC Quit Return to the previous level, in this case, the Topic menu Alt-P Print Print this topic's help text to LPT1: Alt-C Color Change screen attributes to color Alt-M Monochrome Change screen attributes to monochrome Up arrow Scroll Scrolls the help text up one line at a time Down arrow Scroll Scrolls the help text down one line at a time PgUp Scroll Scrolls the help text, if there is more than one screenful PgDn Scroll Scrolls the help text, if there is more than one screenful If there is more than one screenful of help text for this topic, an arrow appears in the lower-left corner of the window. This can be either an up arrow, a down arrow, or an up/down arrow. The up arrow indicates more help text is available by scrolling up (Up arrow or PgUp). The down arrow indicates that more help text is available by scrolling down (Down arrow or PgDn). The up/down arrow indicates that more help text is available by scrolling up or down. HELP is now displaying a list of subtopics for the topic you have selected. Each subtopic name is followed by a brief description of the subtopic. You can get extensive help on a specific subtopic by moving the highlight bar to that topic and pressing ENTER. Then press ESC to return to the list of subtopics. The arrow keys functions as follows: Key Function --- -------- Up arrow Moves the highlight bar up one subtopic Down arrow Moves the highlight bar down one subtopic PgUp Moves the highlight bar up several subtopics PgDn Moves the highlight bar down several subtopics